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Scholars suggest dialogue to focus on explaining issues people care about
The draft and enactment of a national security law for the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region is legitimate and will further protect the rights of the residents as well as the future prosperity of the city, said scholars from international institutions.
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National security is 'an integral component of national defense', which is an important issue reserved by the Central People's Government on which the HKSAR has no autonomy, said Zheng Sophia Tang, chair in law and commerce at Newcastle University.
'The Sino-British Joint Declaration clearly states that 'the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region will enjoy a high degree of autonomy, except in foreign and defense affairs which are the responsibilities of the Central People's Government',' she added.
Tang said the disclosed contents of the draft national security law 'clearly states that the principle of the rule of law and human rights including freedom of speech will be protected', instead of depriving Hong Kong residents of their legitimate rights protected by international law, such as the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights.
'Collecting and analyzing intelligence information concerning national security and handling criminal cases applies to a very small number of cases concerning national security crimes and would not affect the ordinary lifestyle of Hong Kong residents,' she said.
However, due to historical reasons, Tang pointed it out that it is understandable to hear concerns from some Hong Kong residents about the consequences of the law. Cobuild dictionary free download.
'Thus, it is necessary to develop dialogue with Hong Kong residents and associations, and to draft the relevant provisions as clearly as possible,' Tang said.
In particular, Tang suggested elucidating some issues that people care for most. 'What does it mean by 'specific circumstances' when the organs of the central authorities can exercise jurisdiction over criminal cases committed in Hong Kong, and what are the particulars in the four categories of national security crimes should be fully explained,' the professor said.
Christopher Bovis, a law professor at the University of Hull, also defended the legitimacy of passing the national security law for Hong Kong, saying the national security concepts 'do not invite commentary and international reaction'.
Matters of sovereignty
He said: 'Traditionally, and under international law and custom, national security legislative frameworks are at the heart of every state and are reserved matters for national sovereignty.
'But the case of the draft legislation on safeguarding national security in Hong Kong has been the magnet of reproach from many antagonists of China.
'If the draft legislation manages to reassure the safeguarding of legitimate rights and freedoms of residents, the concerns of the critics will diminish,' he said.
Zhou Xuan, chief consultant of Nomura Securities in Tokyo, said he believed the upcoming law will build up confidence for Hong Kong's future. 'The recent stable stock and property markets, the private mortgage insurance reaching a four-month high in May and the strengthened Hong Kong dollar have showed that Hong Kong people and foreign investors responded positively to the upcoming law, which at its core, protected Hong Kong's position as a financial hub by building up confidence for future,' he said.
'Meanwhile, the good market performance also came from the expectation that the law will deal a fatal blow to those rioters and political opportunists who wanted to muddy the waters.'
Wang Xu in Tokyo, Liu Xuan in Beijing, Angus Mcneice and Wang Mingjie in London contributed to this story.
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A legislator (or lawmaker) is a person who writes and passes laws, especially someone who is a member of a legislature. Legislators are usually politicians and are often elected by the people of the state.[1] Legislatures may be supra-national (for example, the European Parliament), national (for example, the United States Congress), regional (for example, the National Assembly for Wales), or local (for example, local authorities).
Overview[edit]
The political theory of the separation of powers requires legislators to be independent individuals from the members of the executive and the judiciary. Certain political systems adhere to this principle, others do not. In the United Kingdom, for example, the executive is formed almost exclusively from legislators (members of Parliament) although the judiciary is mostly independent (until reforms in 2005, the Lord Chancellor uniquely was a legislator, a member of the executive - indeed, the Cabinet - and a judge, while until 2009 the Lords of Appeal in Ordinary were both judges and legislators as members of the House of Lords, though by convention they did not vote in the House until retirement).
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In continental European jurisprudence and legal discussion, 'the legislator' (le législateur) is the abstract entity that has produced the laws. When there is room for interpretation, the intent of the legislator will be questioned, and the court is directed to rule in the direction it judges to best fit the legislative intent, which can be difficult in the case of conflicting laws or constitutional provisions. A study of 35 attorneys shows that more than half of the legislators may have conflict of interest over legislative matters and the interests of the firms they present.[2]
Terminology[edit]
The local term for a legislator is usually a derivation of the local term for the relevant legislature. Typical examples include
- Parliament: Member of Parliament
- Assembly: Member of the Assembly
- Legislature: Member of the Legislature
- Congress: Member of Congress
- Senate: Senator
- House of Representatives: Representative
The generic term 'deputy' may also be used, deriving from the concept that the legislator is 'deputising' for the electorate of his electoral district.
Substitute legislator[edit]
Some legislatures provide each legislator with an official 'substitute legislator' who deputises for the legislator in the legislature if he or she is unavailable. Venezuela, for example, provides for substitute legislators (diputado suplente) to be elected under Article 186 of its 1999 constitution.[3]Ecuador and Panama also have substitute legislators.
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^Little, T.H.; Ogle, D.B. (2006). The Legislative Branch of State Government: People, Process, and Politics. ABC-CLIO's about state government. ABC-CLIO. p. 4. ISBN978-1-85109-761-6. Retrieved June 26, 2019.
- ^'The Cavalier Daily - Google News Archive Search'. news.google.com. Retrieved 24 June 2019.
- ^'Archived copy'. Archived from the original on 2014-04-17. Retrieved 2014-04-12.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
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External links[edit]
- Media related to Legislators at Wikimedia Commons
- Quotations related to Legislators at Wikiquote